• Pioneering studies on the immunomodulatory role of

  2023-09-01

  

  Pioneering studies on the immunomodulatory role of adenosine date back to the early ‘70 s of last century (Fig. 1), when the critical role of this nucleoside in shaping the development and the activity of several immune cell populations was first established [[18], [19], [20], [21], [22]]. This then

• pd0332991 Metformin s pluripotent roles are alluded to in

  2023-09-01

  

  Metformin's pluripotent roles are alluded to in terms of its antitumorigenic, glucose-lowering, and cardioprotective effects, which are due in part to its upregulation of AMPK activity [39,40]. Metformin's glucose-lowering effect is a result of reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis, whereas improved insul

• br Antioxidative stress and anti

  2023-08-31

  

  Antioxidative stress and anti-inflammation Oxidative stress is a major cause of reduced endothelial NO bioavailability in hypertension, and inflammatory response is thought to play an important role in these processes (Blake and Ridker, 2001, Landmesser et al., 2006). Reactive oxygen species (ROS

• br Introduction The principal pathways of adrenal and gonada

  2023-08-31

  

  Introduction The principal pathways of adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis have been known for over 50 years (reviewed by Miller and Auchus, 2011). Cholesterol is first converted to pregnenolone via three reactions, 20-hydroxylation, 22-hydroxylation and scission of the 20,22 carbon–carbon bond,

• br Acknowledgement This work was funded

  2023-08-31

  

  Acknowledgement This work was funded by NIH/NINDS grant number NS080967 to C. Waites. Introduction Macro-autophagy also called autophagy is a conserved pathway for the lysosomal degradation and recycling of intracellular materials. It is instrumental for the homeostasis of cells and tissues a

• Suspecting that ACL might regulate the expression or activit

  2023-08-31

  

  Suspecting that ACL might regulate the expression or activity of myogenic transcription factors, Das knocked down MyoD and found that such intervention abolished the effect of ACL on fast MyHC expression and that, conversely, MyoD overexpression partially rescued reduced fast MyHC expression caused

• The uterine muscle also changes to meet

  2023-08-31

  

  The uterine muscle also changes to meet the demands of pregnancy. Over the course of pregnancy, the myometrium undergoes structural remodeling to accommodate a growing fetus, followed by a functional switch from quiescent to contractile characteristics for parturition. Studies on the mouse model ind

• In a study highlighted the usefulness of arginase as

  2023-08-31

  

  In 2010, a study highlighted the usefulness of arginase-1 as a sensitive and specific marker of hepatocytic differentiation for diagnostic pathology [9]. Subsequent studies have validated the high sensitivity and specificity of arginase-1, in particular its added value in evaluating poorly different

• br Materials and methods br

  2023-08-31

  

  Materials and methods Results RT-PCR showed that both arginase 1 and 2 were expressed in the OB of Korean roe deer (Fig. 1). Immunoblotting detected arginase 1 in the OB of roe deer (Fig. 2A, left lane) at a molecular weight of approximately 37kDa, which is the size of the enzyme in the rat O

• Limitations of this study include the use of HL cardiomyocyt

  2023-08-31

  

  Limitations of this study include the use of HL-1 cardiomyocytes, which show different characteristics than primary cardiomyocytes [56]. Furthermore, sustained TAC in Ampkα1-deficient mice did not favorably influence cardiac function [33]. It must be kept in mind that global Ampkα1-deficiency may af

• Although the earlier studies focused on the antioxidant

  2023-08-31

  

  Although the earlier studies focused on the antioxidant capacity of tocopherols, ascorbic 5ht receptors and carotenoids, then it was noticed that phenolic compounds were more powerful than others (Rice-Evans, Miller, & Paganga, 1996). Phenolic compounds, the most numerous and ubiquitous groups of p

• br Introduction Androgens have been shown to regulate severa

  2023-08-31

  

  Introduction Androgens have been shown to regulate several neural functions ranging from reproduction to mood and cognitive abilities. This property starts as early as the perinatal period, which is characterized by prenatal and postnatal surges of gonadal testosterone, and continues through pub

• SU11274 br STAR Methods br AMPK A Therapeutic Target

  2023-08-31

  

  STAR★Methods AMPK: A Therapeutic Target in the β Cell? Loss of pancreatic β cell function is a hallmark of the transition to a diagnosis of T2DM (see Glossary) 1, 2, 3, 4. AMPK activation has gained attention for the treatment of hyperglycemia in prediabetes as an insulin-sensitizing agent bec

• Epidermal growth factor EGF has been shown to increase

  2023-08-31

  

  Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to increase the 12S-lipoxygenase mRNA level by about two-fold in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells [71]. This enzyme was shown to be of the platelet-type and associated with the microsomal fraction of the cells [71], [72]. A requirement for EGF recept

• We also measured macrophage infiltration and CLS presence

  2023-08-31

  

  We also measured macrophage infiltration and CLS presence in peri-gonadal AT from db/db mice and controls. CLS are morphological features within AT that are accurate indicators of adipocyte death and macrophage infiltration [56]. An earlier study showed that CLS macrophages account for >90% of the t

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