• br STAR Methods br Microenvironmental niches for

  2020-07-11

  

  STAR★Methods Microenvironmental niches for naïve and activated B cells Secondary lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, are structurally and functionally compartmentalized to provide a set of microenvironmental niches that support the survival of resting B cells, as well as the a

• The expression of EBI has been found to

  2020-07-11

  

  The expression of EBI2 has been found to be dysregulated in several types of B cell malignancies and is thus reduced in e.g. diffuse large B-cell lymphomas [12] and chronic lymphocytic leukemia [13] and increased in post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) [14]. EBI2 is also highly

• Although the amino acid sequences of CUL

  2020-07-11

  

  Although the amino NHS-LC-Biotin sequences of CUL4A and CUL4B share 82% identity, the existing studies have shown that these two proteins do not have significant functional redundancy. Elevated expression of CUL4A has been observed in a variety of cancer cells, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer

• During germ cell development in mouse de novo

  2020-07-11

  

  During germ cell development in mouse, de novo Dnmts regulate the genomic imprinting and silence of repeat elements. Dnmt3A methylated H19, Dlk1/Gtl2, and Sine B1, whereas Dnmt3B methylated microsatellite repeat elements, the two Dnmts co-methylatedRasgrf1, IAP, and Line1 repeat elements (Lucifero e

• DGK negatively regulated the extension of long axon neurite

  2020-07-11

  

  DGKδ negatively regulated the extension of long axon/neurite (Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6). The results strongly suggest that deficiency of DGKδ induces OCD-like behavior by enhancing axon/neurite outgrowth. DGKδ positively regulates growth factor signaling (Crotty et al., 2006). Therefore, DGKδ deficien

• br Introduction Identification and correct storage of semina

  2020-07-10

  

  Introduction Identification and correct storage of seminal stains are crucial for the investigation of sexual assault cases. Actually, undetected ‘cold’ cases involving sexual assault can be solved decades after investigations analysing DNA from stored evidences [1]. Recently, STR analysis and th

• br Use of recombinant collagen to study

  2020-07-10

  

  Use of recombinant collagen to study DDR–collagen interactions Synthetic peptides have proven highly valuable in replicating the characteristics of collagen and in defining the sites on collagen essential for binding and studying protein–collagen interactions. There are, however, disadvantages to

• The aberrant methylation of genes that suppress tumorigenesi

  2020-07-10

  

  The aberrant methylation of genes that suppress tumorigenesis appears to occur early in tumor development and increase progressively, eventually leading to the malignant phenotype [35]. Genes involved in every step of tumorigenesis can be silenced by this epigenetic mechanism. Hypermethylation of pr

• AMD is equally active against a broad range of HIV

  2020-07-10

  

  AMD3100 is equally active against a broad range of HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains, but not against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strains in human PBMC (De Clercq et al., 1994). At this moment it is not clear what coreceptor SIV is using in human PBMC, but it does not seem to be CXCR-4 (Feng et al., 1

• In a previous study we reported that the

  2020-07-10

  

  In a previous study we reported that the systemic administration of the α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin attenuates the deficit in keap1-nrf2 pathway reward function associated with precipitated nicotine withdrawal (Bruijnzeel et al., 2010). One of the aims of the present experiments was t

• Given a disruption of membrane internalization

  2020-07-10

  

  Given a disruption of membrane internalization and an increase in synaptic glutamate receptors in CPG2 knockdown neurons, one might expect an increase in dendritic spine size as membrane continues to be inserted into the spines during receptor exocytosis. However, we observed the opposite phenotype,

• Since its inception ADEPT approach has been widely

  2020-07-10

  

  Since its inception, ADEPT approach has been widely reported by many groups using a variety of enzymes and prodrugs (see reviews) [12], [14]. Both mammalian and non-mammalian enzymes have been utilised. Of the mammalian variety, human β-glucuronidase in combination with many prodrugs [17], [18] and

• Furthermore the determination of downstream target genes ind

  2020-07-10

  

  Furthermore, the determination of downstream target genes induced by CdCl2 is noteworthy and can help to define its underlying carcinogenesis mechanism. Therefore, we evaluated c-fos and c-jun expression which are stimulated by estrogen through ERK/MAPK pathway. These are not only proto-oncogenes wh

• PI K is a lipid kinase and generates phosphatidylinositol

  2020-07-10

  

  PI3K is a lipid kinase and generates phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-trisphosphate, which is a second messenger critical for the translocation of Akt to the cytoplasmic membrane. The phosphorylation of Ser473 Akt is important in the cell survival by regulating the eNOS among other targets (Dimmeler et

• Droxinostat receptor Our observation that nuclear but not cy

  2020-07-09

  

  Our observation that nuclear, but not cytoplasmic EP4 expression is associated with different outcomes is interesting. In breast cancer, using the same methods, we did not detect EP4 in the nucleus of malignant Droxinostat receptor whereas cytoplasmic EP4 was commonly observed [13]. While G protein-

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