• Recently we have created CRISPR

  2019-12-30

  

  Recently, we have created CRISPR/Cas9-mediated col14a1a knockout fish to interrogate the function of col14a1a during regeneration using the caudal fin model. Using AFM, we showed that collagen XIV-A transiently acts as a molecular spacer responsible for BM biomechanics possibly by helping laminins i

• Cantharidin is a natural element extracted from blister beet

  2019-12-30

  

  Cantharidin is a natural element extracted from blister beetles, and has been proven to be effective in cancer [16]. NCTD, the demethylated analog of cantharidin, has been synthesized and been shown to have an equal anti-cancer effect with fewer side effects than cantharidin [39]. It was confirmed t

• The liposomes as a FDA approved drug delivery carrier have

  2019-12-30

  

  The liposomes, as a FDA-approved drug delivery carrier, have been widely utilized for drug delivery [32], [33], [34]. Liposomes are defined as self-assembled vesicles, which are composed of one or multiple concentric lipid bilayers and enclose an aqueous core. The advantages of utilizing liposomes a

• Another important new result that has

  2019-12-30

  

  Another important new result that has expanded the range of functions of iPLA2-VIA in physiology and pathophysiology is its implication in macrophage polarization under stimulation conditions. Ashley et al. [129] described in peritoneal macrophages from Pla2g6−/− mice that the absence of iPLA2-VIA f

• br Materials and methods br

  2019-12-30

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements This work was supported financially by the LIAONING S&T Project (No. 20180550107) and Basic Scientific Research Funds of DLNU (0918110143). Introduction Since 1970s, numerous artificial mimetic enzymes have bee

• Enzyme mimics belong to a type

  2019-12-30

  

  Enzyme mimics belong to a type of rising catalysts which show the similar function with their corresponding natural enzymes [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], although their structures are different from natural enzymes. In the area of prodrug activation, the widely-used enzyme mimics a

• The synthesis of the required substrates

  2019-12-30

  

  The synthesis of the required substrates is shown in (see for experimental details). Treatment of heterocycle with Boc-D-FMK under basic conditions afforded a mixture of the mono-substituted product (22%) and the di-substituted compound (38%) which were separated by column chromatography. Compound

• In mice our EBI EGFP reporter showed

  2019-12-30

  

  In mice, our EBI2EGFP reporter showed that EBI2 is expressed consistently in naive T helper cells. Already single positive CD4+ thymocytes express EBI2 (not shown). In effector and regulatory T cells in naive mice, the percentage of EBI2 expression was lower (∼40%). Like others (Liu et al., 2011), w

• Both the kK and kK mediated ubiquitination leads to

  2019-12-30

  

  Both, the kK3 and kK5-mediated ubiquitination leads to rapid internalisation of target proteins followed by lysosomal degradation, similar to that seen for MARCH-1/8 [77]. Ubiquitination activity of kK3 and kK5 depends on the positioning of the targeted lysine (or cysteine) residues [22]. The positi

• br Conclusion br Introduction br CRL E

  2019-12-30

  

  Conclusion Introduction CRL4 E3 ligases in tumorigenesis Small molecule-based PROTACs PROTAC: Major biological impacts Acknowledgements The authors sincerely apologize to all those colleagues whose important work was not cited in this paper owing to space limitations. They thank th

• Given the important regulatory roles Ub

  2019-12-30

  

  Given the important regulatory roles Ub signaling pathways play in eukaryotes, bacterial pathogens and viruses have evolved elaborate mechanisms to hijack host Ub signaling pathways and evade the immune response. This is highlighted by the numerous E3 Ub ligases and spectrum of DUBs encoded by bacte

• Additional derivatives were synthesised using a modified app

  2019-12-30

  

  Additional derivatives were synthesised using a modified approach (). Commercially available 4-bromo-2-methoxyaniline () was converted into the boronic ester , followed by a Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling with chromenone triflate to afford the corresponding arylamine . Acylation of with chloroacetyl

• Third DGK protein stabilization by myristic acid is cell lin

  2019-12-30

  

  Third, DGKδ2 protein stabilization by myristic NB-598 is cell line specific. Myristic acid had no obvious effects on DGKδ protein stability in the liver cell line HepG2, pancreas cell line MIA-PaCa-2 and neuronal cell line Neuro-2a cells (Fig. 5). Although myristic acid moderately increased the DGK

• The binding of collagen X to DDR differs from the

  2019-12-30

  

  The binding of collagen X to DDR2 differs from the binding of collagen X to α2β1 integrin in that the triple helical conformation is essential for DDR2 binding. We previously reported that heat denatured pepsinised collagen X supported cell adhesion via α2β1, indicating that the triple-helical confo

• A different example of substrate dependent

  2019-12-29

  

  A different example of substrate-dependent activation is seen in CSN5, a JAMM-type DUB found in the eight subunit COP9 signalosome (CSN) [34]. The CSN deconjugates NEDD8 (neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 8) from Cullin Ring ubiquitin E3 ligases (CRLs). Through this activ

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